Everything about Hypocotyl totally explained
Hypocotyl is a
botanical term for a part of a
germinating seedling of a
seed plant. As the plant
embryo grows at germination, it sends out a shoot called a
radicle that becomes the primary root and penetrates down into the
soil. After emergence of the
radicle, the
hypocotyl emerges and lifts the growing tip (usually including the seed coat) above the ground, bearing the embryonic leaves (called
cotyledons) and the
plumule that gives rise to the first true leaves. The
hypocotyle is the primary organ of extension of the young plant and develops into the
stem.
The early development of a
monocot seedling like
cereals and other
grasses is somewhat different. A structure called the
coleoptile, essentially a part of the
cotyledon, protects the young stem and plumule as growth pushes them up through the soil. A
mesocotyl — that part of the young plant that lies between the seed (which remains buried) and the
plumule — extends the shoot up to the soil surface, where secondary roots develop from just beneath the plumule. The primary root from the
radicle may then fail to develop further. The
mesocotyl is considered to be partly
hypocotyl and partly
cotyledon (see
scutellum).
Not all monocots develop like the grasses. The
onion develops in a manner similar to the first sequence described above, the seed coat and
endosperm (stored food reserve) pulled upwards as the cotyledon extends. Later, the first true leaf grows from the node between the radicle and the sheath-like cotyledon, breaking through the cotyledon to grow past it.
In some plants, the hypocotyl becomes enlarged as a
storage organ. Examples include
cyclamen and
gloxinia.
Further Information
Get more info on 'Hypocotyl'.
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